The Iberian Roma genetic variant server; population structure, susceptibility to disease and adaptive traits.

The Roma are the most numerous ethnic minority in Europe. The Iberian Roma arrived in the Iberian Peninsula five centuries ago and still today, they keep a strong group identity. Demographic and cultural reasons lie behind a high rate of Mendelian disease often related to founder variants. We have analysed exome data from 119 Iberian Roma individuals collected from 2018 to 2020. A database of variant frequency has been implemented (IRPVS) and made available online. We have analysed the carrier rate of founder private alleles as well as pathogenic variants present in the general population. Significant enrichment in structural variants involving gene clusters related to keratinization and epidermal growth suggest that evolutive mechanisms have developed towards climate and environmental adaptation. IRPVS can be accessed at http://irpvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/ AUTHOR SUMMARYReference data is necessary for the correct interpretation of genetic studies. Although most genetic variants are present in all populations, ancestry has an important impact in the genetic background. For that reason databases of genetic variant in populations are developed specifically for different ethnicities, being an important tool for genetic diagnosis. The Roma are the most numerous ethnic minority in Europe. In this study we have collected samples from healthy Roma individuals from Iberian descent and implemented a database of genetic variant to facilitate genetic diagnosis in this population. Analysis of structural variants that are specific to the Iberian Roma not found in other healthy population for which genetic data are available suggest evolution towards environmental adaptation.