Discovery of a Novel 3site State as the Multi-Substrate Bound State of P450cam

Archetypal metalloenzyme Cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1) catalyzes regioselective hydroxylation of its native substrate camphor in heme active site. However, the proposal of potential existence of additional substrate binding modes distal from the active site in P450cam and their concomitant roles in regulating recognition at active site have remained a matter of recurring discourse. Herein we report the discovery of a novel 3site state in P450cam, where three substrate molecules were observed to simultaneously bind to P450cam at three distinct sites including the heme active site. These three binding modes, hereby referred as catalytic, waiting and allosteric binding modes in 3site state, are allosterically inter-linked and function in mutually synergistic fashion. The 3site state possesses regio-selective conformations of substrate essential for catalysis and establishes substrate-ingress and product exit process to and from the active site via two distinct channels. The ensemble of three-state binding modes are found to be self-consistent with NMR pseudo-contact shift data obtained from TROSY-HSQC measurements and DEER based predictions. Binding of redox partner Putidaredoxin with 3site model retains closed conformation of 3site state, siding with NMR based hypothesis that the catalysis would take place in closed insulation of P450cam even in presence of its redox partner. Statement of SignificanceUbiquitous superfamily of mono-oxygenases cytochrome P450s are involved in broad range of metabolic process in all domains of life and are also important drug targets. Apart from the well known and established binding mode in heme active site, the substrate bindings at additional distal sites have been postulated in multitude of P450s. Using the archetypal bacterial cytochrome P450 i.e., P450cam, a novel 3site state of cytochrome P450 is elucidated in this work. The novel 3site state has two additional binding modes namely waiting and allosteric (also postulated previously), apart from known binding mode catalytic in the active site. The known functions of P450cam are found to be most optimally explained by this 3site state, instead of single substrate bound catalytic state. This state can be of critical importance for CYP superfamily at large and potentially be useful in understanding the non-Michaelis behaviour, observed in many P450s.