Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022
Elsmo, E. J.; Wunschmann, A.; Beckmen, K. B.; Broughton-Neiswanger, L. B.; Buckles, E. L.; Ellis, J.; Fitzgerald, S. D.; Gerlach, R.; Hawkins, S.; Ip, H.; Lankton, J.; Lemley, E. M.; Lenoch, J.; Killian, M. L.; Lantz, K.; Long, L.; Maes, R.; Mainenti, M.; Melotti, J.; Moriarty, M. E.; Nakagun, S.; Ruden, R. M.; Shearn-Bochsler, V.; Thompson, D.; Torchetti, M. K.; Van Wettere, A. J.; Wise, A. G.; Lim, A.
Show abstract
This article describes the first detections of disease due to natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) H5N1 of the Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during 2021-2022. Affected mammalian species include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals primarily exhibited neurological signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.
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