Genetic basis and selection of glyceollin induction in wild soybean

O_LIGlyceollins, a family of phytoalexin induced in legume species, play essential roles in responding to environmental stresses and in human health. However, little is known about the genetic basis and selection of glyceollin induction. C_LIO_LIWe employed a metabolite-based genome-wide association (mGWA) approach to identify candidate genes involved in glyceollin induction from genetically diverse and understudied wild soybeans subjected to soybean cyst nematode stress. C_LIO_LIEight SNPs on chromosomes 3, 9, 13, 15, and 20 showed significant association with glyceollin induction. Six genes close to one of the significant SNPs (ss715603454) on chromosome 9 fell into two clusters, and they encode enzymes in the glycosyltransferase class within the phenylpropanoid pathway. Transcription factors (TFs) genes, such as MYB and WRKY were also found within the linkage disequilibrium of the significant SNPs on chromosome 9. Epistasis and a strong selection signal were detected on the four significant SNPs on chromosome 9. C_LIO_LIGene clusters and transcription factors may play important roles in regulating glyceollin induction in wild soybeans. Additionally, as major evolutionary factors, epistatic interactions and selection may influence glyceollin variation in natural populations. C_LI