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Fish-microbe systems in the hostile but highly biodiverse Amazonian blackwaters

Sylvain, F.-E.; Leroux, N.; Normandeau, E.; Custodio, J.; Mercier, P.-L.; Bouslama, S.; Holland, A.; Barroso, D.; Luis Val, A.; Derome, N. J. A.

2022-10-24 ecology
10.1101/2022.10.22.513327 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Amazonian blackwaters are extremely biodiverse systems containing some of the most naturally acidic, dissolved organic carbon-rich and ion-poor waters on Earth. Physiological adaptations of fish facing these ionoregulatory challenges are unresolved but could involve microbially-mediated processes. Here, we characterize the physiological response of 964 fish-microbe systems from four blackwater Teleost species along a natural hydrochemical gradient, using dual RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA of gill samples. We find that responses to blackwaters are host-species-specific, but occasionally include the overexpression of Toll-receptors and integrins associated to interkingdom communication. Blackwater gill microbiomes are characterized by a transcriptionally-active betaproteobacterial cluster potentially interfering with epithelial permeability. We explore further blackwater fish-microbe interactions by analyzing transcriptomes of 320 axenic zebrafish larvae exposed to sterile, non-sterile and inverted (non-native bacterioplankton) blackwater. We find that axenic zebrafish do not survive well when exposed to sterile/inverted blackwater, suggesting an essential role of endogenous symbionts in blackwater fish physiology.

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