Grey matter morphometric biomarkers for classifying early schizophrenia and PD psychosis: a multicentre study

Psychotic symptoms occur in a majority of schizophrenia patients, and in approximately 50% of all Parkinsons disease (PD) patients. Altered grey matter (GM) structure within several brain areas and networks may contribute to their pathogenesis. Little, however, is known about transdiagnostic similarities when psychotic symptoms occur in different disorders, such as schizophrenia and PD. The present study investigated a large, multicenter sample containing 722 participants: 146 patients with first episode psychosis, FEP; 106 individuals at-risk mental state for developing psychosis, ARMS; 145 healthy controls matching FEP and ARMS, Con-Psy; 92 PD patients with psychotic symptoms, PDP; 145 PD patients without psychotic symptoms, PDN; 88 healthy controls matching PDN and PDP, Con-PD. We applied source-based morphometry in association with receiver operating curves (ROC) analyses to identify common GM structural covariance networks (SCN) and investigated their accuracy in identifying the different patient groups. We assessed group-specific homogeneity and variability across the different networks and potential associations with clinical symptoms. SCN-extracted GM values differed significantly between FEP and Con-Psy, PDP and Con-PD as well as PDN and Con-PD, indicating significant overall grey matter reductions in PD and early schizophrenia. ROC analyses showed that SCN-based classification algorithms allow good classification (AUC[~]0.80) of FEP and Con-Psy, and fair performance (AUC[~]0.72) when differentiating PDP from Con-PD. Importantly, best performance was found in partly the same networks including the precuneus. Finally, reduced GM volume in SCN with increased variability was linked to increased psychotic symptoms in both FEP and PDP. Alterations within selected SCNs may be related to the presence of psychotic symptoms in both early schizophrenia and PD psychosis, indicating some commonality of underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, results provide first evidence that GM volume within specific SCNs may serve as a biomarker for identifying FEP and PDP.