Monitoring the quality of eggs depending on the hens breeding systems by Raman spectroscopy.

The aim of this study is show that Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive tool, which can be used for analyses eggs obtained in various hens housing system. This study provided a new and simple method for hens eggs breeding systems testing. Raman methods have potential to be applied by commercial inspections in food industry for verification indications placed on eggs. The development of functional technological methods to study the quality of eggs could be an interesting way to gain profitability for the food industry, in addition to improving the general conditions of public health. A label-free Raman method for detecting spectral changes in eggs from cage systems, barn systems, free range systems and ecological systems is presented. The most important advantage of Raman spectroscopy is the ability to identify biomarkers that help estimate the quality of eggs from various hens housing systems based on spectra typical for lipids, proteins and carotenoids. We have proved that ratios 1656/1004, 1656/1444, 1444/1520 and 1656/1156 can be used as universal biomarkers to distinguish eggs from various hens housing systems. Chemometric methods have shown that eggs from ecological systems and barn systems can be distinguished based on their vibrational properties. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/480636v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (30K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b11863org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b842d1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2ac3eborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a48ad3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG