Effects of culture medium and temperature on fungal growth of Mycena and marasmioid isolates and in vitro symbiotic culture in mycoheterotrophic orchid, Gastrodia pubilabiata

In vitro symbiotic culture of Gastrodia pubilabiata seeds were conducted with the fungal isolates from G. pubilabiata roots. We obtained five fungal isolates, which belonged to Mycena, Marasmiaceae and Omphalotaceae. Firstly, optimal temperature and culture medium for subculture of these fungal isolates were examined. All five isolates grew the fastest on malt extract agar medium. Mycelial growth rate was highest at 25 {degrees}C between 10 {degrees}C and 40 {degrees}C. Secondly, we evaluated suitable culture vessels and organic materials for symbiotic culture. Seeds germinated well in petri dishes with Quercus leaf disc on water agar medium, and the seed germination process was well observed without dense mycelium. The most developed seedlings were found in glass bottles filled with Japanese cedar leaves, but densely grew mycelium prevent accurate seedling counts. Leaves of Quercus, Japanese cedar and bamboo were used as organic materials for symbiotic culture. All three leaves induced seed germination with Mycena and Marasmiaceae fungi, but material types affected subsequent seedling growth. Our method will contribute to understanding the mycorrhizal association of Gastrodia species and also other mycoheterotrophic plants.