Dynamic analysis of lower leg muscles response to whole body vibration stimulation at different frequencies and postures: implications for training

PurposeTo characterise the mechanical and neuromuscular response of lower limb muscles in subjects undergoing Whole Body Vibration (WBV) at different frequencies while holding two static postures. MethodsTwenty-five participants underwent WBV at 15, 20, 25 and 30 Hz while holding a static hack squat and on fore feet posture. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and soft tissue accelerations were collected from Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), Soleus (SOL) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. ResultsOnly specific WBV settings led to a significant increase in muscle contraction. Specifically, the WBV-induced activation of SOL and GL was maximal in fore-feet and in response to higher frequencies. Estimated displacement at muscle bellies revealed a resonant pattern never highlighted before. After stimulation starts, muscle oscillation reaches a peak followed by a drop and a further stabilisation (few seconds after the peak) that suggests the occurrence of a neuromuscular activation to reduce the vibration-induced oscillation. ConclusionLower leg muscles need a response time to tune to a vibratory stimulation, which discourages the use of dynamic exercises on vibrating platforms. To maximize calf muscle response to WBVs, a stimulation frequency in the range of 25-30 Hz and an on fore feet posture are recommended.