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Axes of Prognosis: Identifying Subtypes of COVID-19 Outcomes

Whitfield, E.; Coffey, C.; Zhang, H.; Shi, T.; Wu, X.; Li, Q.; Wu, H.

2021-03-24 health informatics
10.1101/2021.03.16.21253371 medRxiv
Show abstract

COVID-19 is a disease with vast impact, yet much remains unclear about patient outcomes. Most approaches to risk prediction of COVID-19 focus on binary or tertiary severity outcomes, despite the heterogeneity of the disease. In this work, we identify heterogeneous subtypes of COVID-19 outcomes by considering axes of prognosis. We propose two innovative clustering approaches - Layered Axes and Prognosis Space - to apply on patients outcome data. We then show how these clusters can help predict a patients deterioration pathway on their hospital admission, using random forest classification. We illustrate this methodology on a cohort from Wuhan in early 2020. We discover interesting subgroups of poor prognosis, particularly within respiratory patients, and predict respiratory subgroup membership with high accuracy. This work could assist clinicians in identifying appropriate treatments at patients hospital admission. Moreover, our method could be used to explore subtypes of long COVID and other diseases with heterogeneous outcomes.

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