Dendritic cell CX3CR1 and macrophages F4/80 play a central role in between gut micro biome and inflammation in Arsenic induced mice

Microbiota plays a crucial role to protect the intestine contrary to the harmful foreign microorganisms and organize the immune system via numerous mechanisms, which include either direct or indirect environmental factors. The underlying mechanism arsenic (As) influenced immune system and regulates inflammation by altering gut microbiome in ileum remains unclear. However, chronic exposure to arsenic (at doses of 0.15 mg or 1.5 mg or 15 mg As2O3/ L in drinking water) significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of F4/80 and CX3CR1, concurrently, the increased levels of mRNA and protein IFN{gamma}, TNF, IL-18 and decreased levels of IL-10 were found in both 3 and 6 months exposure periods. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that gut microbiota at phylum; family and taxonomical levels were showed the abundance of gut microbiota. Evidentially, the ultra-structure of intestinal villi, microbes engulfed and immune cell migration were showed by the transmission electron microscopy. Chronic exposure to As influenced the inflammation by changing immune system and altered gut microbiota. In this study we conclude that chronic exposure to As breakdown the normal gut microbial community and increase the pathogenicity, the resultant risk pathogen direct contact with intestinal immune system and regulate the inflammation.