Identification of a Δ11 desaturase from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Cheeld, H.; Bhutada, G.; Beaudoin, F.; Eastmond, P. J.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are oleaginous organisms and the most abundant fatty acyl moiety usually found in their lipids is palmitvaccenic acid (16:1{Delta}11cis). However, it is not known how this uncommon fatty acid species is made. Here we have cloned two homologs of Lepidopteran fatty acyl-CoenzymeA {Delta}11 desaturases from Rhizophagus irregularis. Both DES1 and DES2 are expressed in intraradicle mycelium and can complement the unsaturated fatty acid-requiring auxotrophic growth phenotype of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ole1{Delta} mutant. DES1 expression leads almost exclusively to oleic acid (18:1{Delta}9cis) production, whereas DES2 expression results in the production of 16:1{Delta}11cis and vaccenic acid (18:1{Delta}11cis). DES2 therefore encodes a {Delta}11 desaturase that is likely to be responsible for the synthesis of 16:1{Delta}11cis in R. irregularis.
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