Predation Capacity Of Soil-Dwelling Predatory Mites On Two Ground Beetle Immature Stages: A Biological Control Perspective For Two Major Maize Pests.

Soil-dwelling predatory mites already proved their efficiency as biocontrol agents against many pests (Carrillo et al. 2015). Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and Wireworm (WW) (Agriotes sordidus) are important pests of various crops (Furlan et al. 2002; Krysan et al., 1986; Ritter and Richter 2013; Wesseler and Fall 2010) whose eggs and first instar larvae also inhabit the first centimeters of soil (Furlan 2004; Vidal et al., 2005). In order to evaluate the potential of predatory mites as biological control agents against WCR and WW, we investigated the predation capacity of Stratiolaelaps scimitus, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Macrocheles robustulus on immature stages of these two prey species. First, we observed if one or more species could feed upon eggs and first instar larvae as Prischmann et al. (2011) suggested for WCR. We then explored their predation abilities through time using a survival analysis to identify the best biocontrol agent among the species tested. Surprisingly, none of the predator species tested identified WCR or WW eggs as preys. However, at least 50% of WCR and WW first instar larvae have been attacked by G. aculeifer and M. robustulus. Stratiolaelaps scimitus showing a slightly lower efficiency (30% of preys attacked). The survival analysis confirmed this trend with slower predation dynamics for S. scimitus. These results show a potential of soil-dwelling predatory mites as biocontrol agents against WCR and WW. Furthermore, targeting the neonate stage instead of the egg stage in pest management strategies seems necessary for maximizing efficiency.